The updates were presented in May to the Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections (TFEIP) in April Oxford (TFEIP 2023 meeting in Oxford).<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span>\u200bThe data indicates as before that solvents’ VOC emissions have remained stable within the range of 2000-2300 ktonnes in the EU28 (EU27+UK) since 2008.<\/p>\n Currently the review process of the 2021 data is in full swing. ESIG has provided all data available (2013, 2015 and 2017 till 2021) for each EU member state and the UK to the reviewing team. This has been done using the mapping table from the EMEP\/EEA guidebook allowing us to compare our data which is reported in REACH end-use sectors to the<\/span> Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) which parties to the convention have to use.<\/span><\/p>\n The focus of the 2023 review is on agriculture. It has been announced that the 2024 review (of the 2022 data) will centre on solvents. <\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.esig.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ESIG_technical-paper-solvent-VOC-emisisons2021.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=” ESIG Technical Paper Solvent VOC Emissions 2021″ button_alignment=”center” admin_label=”Call To Action Purple” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#412E68″ button_border_width=”0px” button_border_radius=”40px” button_letter_spacing=”1px” button_font=”|700||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” custom_margin=”40px||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”|||10%|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||7%|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|phone” custom_padding=”10px|30px|9px|30px|false|true” button_text_size_tablet=”17px” button_text_size_phone=”16px” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Body : Standard” module_id=”sectionBody” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1200px” module_alignment=”center” overflow-x=”hidden” overflow-y=”hidden” custom_padding=”98px|20px|16px|20px|false|true” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px||50px|false|true” custom_padding_phone=”|30px||30px|false|true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” border_width_top=”1px” border_color_top=”rgba(0,0,0,0.2)”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_align=”center” header_2_text_color=”#412E68″ header_2_line_height=”1.2em” custom_margin=”||30px|||” custom_padding=”17px|||||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”24px” header_2_font_size_phone=”22px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Section : Image Right” module_id=”sectionBody” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1200px” module_alignment=”center” overflow-x=”hidden” overflow-y=”hidden” custom_padding=”46px|20px|99px|20px|false|true” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px||50px|false|true” custom_padding_phone=”|30px||30px|false|true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” animation_intensity_slide=”10%”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” border_width_right=”1px” border_color_right=”rgba(0,0,0,0.2)” border_width_right_tablet=”0px” border_width_right_phone=”” border_width_right_last_edited=”on|tablet”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1.9em” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”left” custom_padding=”|80px|||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px|||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet”]<\/p>\n In our previous edition of “Solutions,” we shared news about a week-long intensive measurement campaign that took place during a summer heat wave from 12th<\/sup> to 19th<\/sup> July 2022. It focused on measuring a range of VOCs (NMHCs, O-VOC, terpenes), as well as biogenic organic aerosol tracers.<\/p>\n The aim was to investigate the relevance and importance of different ozone precursors during heat waves. To gather this valuable information, manual devices for sampling VOCs were distributed, and samples were then analysed at centralised laboratories. ESIG provided financial support for this campaign.<\/p>\n In total, 4755 datasets could be collected from 27 sites in 13 countries. 146 components were traced and added to EBAS,<\/a> a database hosting observation data of atmospheric chemical composition and physical properties (Choose project CAMPAIGN and year 2022). Where there are no known VOC species (116), organic compounds are specified by new mass class (116 VOCs species and 6 sums of species (mass classes) <\/span><\/p>\n During the TFMM meeting in Warsaw, Poland, in May, the four laboratories responsible for device distribution and analysis presented some preliminary results. A summary of the findings will be included in the EMEP status report for 2023. Furthermore, the plan is to publish the full results in a peer-reviewed journal later this year.<\/p>\n Additionally, the initial findings from the ACROSS campaign were shared at a dedicated thematic session during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). While the results are not yet conclusive, we anticipate that further publications will follow in the coming months.<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;||justify-content: center;”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1.9em” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”left”]<\/p>\n For EMEP Intensive Measurement Period:<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/projects.nilu.no\/ccc\/tfmm\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”https:\/\/projects.nilu.no\/ccc\/tfmm” button_alignment=”center” admin_label=”Call To Action Purple” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#412E68″ button_border_width=”0px” button_border_radius=”40px” button_letter_spacing=”1px” button_font=”|700||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”|||10%|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||7%|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|phone” custom_padding=”10px|30px|9px|30px|false|true” button_text_size_tablet=”17px” button_text_size_phone=”16px” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone”][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_line_height=”1.9em” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”left”]<\/p>\n For ACROSS:<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/across.aeris-data.fr\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”https:\/\/across.aeris-data.fr” button_alignment=”center” admin_label=”Call To Action Purple” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#412E68″ button_border_width=”0px” button_border_radius=”40px” button_letter_spacing=”1px” button_font=”|700||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”|||10%|false|false” custom_margin_phone=”|||7%|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|phone” custom_padding=”10px|30px|9px|30px|false|true” button_text_size_tablet=”17px” button_text_size_phone=”16px” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|phone”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Body : Standard” module_id=”sectionBody” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1200px” module_alignment=”center” overflow-x=”hidden” overflow-y=”hidden” custom_padding=”98px|20px|16px|20px|false|true” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px||50px|false|true” custom_padding_phone=”|30px||30px|false|true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” border_width_top=”1px” border_color_top=”rgba(0,0,0,0.2)”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_align=”center” header_2_text_color=”#412E68″ header_2_line_height=”1.2em” custom_margin=”||30px|||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”24px” header_2_font_size_phone=”22px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”off|desktop”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Body : Standard” module_id=”sectionBody” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1200px” module_alignment=”center” overflow-x=”hidden” overflow-y=”hidden” custom_padding=”21px|20px|60px|20px|false|true” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px||50px|false|true” custom_padding_phone=”|30px||30px|false|true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” animation_intensity_slide=”10%”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_toggle title=”TRENDS IN OZONE” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”|700|||||||”]<\/p>\n (copied from ECE\/EB.AIR\/2022\/4 \u2013\u00a0<\/span>Scientific information for the review of the Gothenburg Protocol\u00a0<\/a><\/span>)<\/p>\n Ground-level ozone (O3<\/sub>) is a secondary pollutant that results from complex physicochemical mechanisms. Therefore, observed average concentrations do not change at the same rate as reductions in regional precursor emissions (NOx and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs)), and are influenced by other factors such as climatic parameters, hemispheric transport and global methane (CH4<\/sub>) emissions. In Europe, O3\u00a0<\/sub>peaks have declined systematically (by around 10 per cent between 2000 and 2019). The health-related SOMO35 (for O3<\/sub>, the sum of means over 35 parts per billion (daily max. 8-hour)) indicator decreased by about the same magnitude. The annual average O3<\/sub>\u00a0concentrations remained constant and tended to increase in urban areas.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Observed trends in O3<\/sub>\u00a0pollution are largely dependent on the metric considered, with large variability between trends in annual mean concentrations and trends for other metrics relevant to health (SOMO35) and ecosystem exposure, or most intense peaks. The trends are also notably different when considering a diversity of monitoring station typologies and geographical areas. Trends are affected by so-called titration effects, in which decreasing NOx emissions can increase O3<\/sub>, especially in wintertime. Over the period 2000\u20132018, annual mean O3<\/sub>\u00a0increased as much as 11 per cent, whereas a slight decrease (3 per cent) was observed in rural areas. Such a difference between station typology is driven by the titration effect: the sum of O3<\/sub>+NO2<\/sub>\u00a0declining by 2 per cent and 13 per cent for urban and rural sites, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n Trends in summertime O3<\/sub>, and metrics of higher O3<\/sub>\u00a0(maximum daily average 8-hour concentration, the sum of mean over 35 parts per billion (SOMO35), are stronger and clearer than those in annual data, though site-to-site variability is large. Using stringent data capture criteria, median trends in daily maximum O3<\/sub>\u00a0during June\u2013August were 0.6 parts per billion per year (ppb\/yr) at EMEP sites (EMEP model -0.4 ppb\/yr). Observed trends showed much more variability than modelled trends, with observed trends being more affected by the high O3<\/sub>\u00a0summers of 2003 and 2006 in some regions.<\/span><\/p>\n O3<\/sub>\u00a0peaks decline systematically (by 11 per cent and 6 per cent at rural and urban sites, respectively), but this range of decline can be considered limited regarding the -47 per cent and -54 per cent changes for NMVOC and NOx emissions, respectively, over the same time period. This discrepancy expressed in relative trends is largely influenced by O3<\/sub>\u00a0mitigation strategies only effectively reducing \u2013 in excess of a certain natural burden that remains difficult to estimate. Additionally, these trends for the period 2000\u20132018 are still largely influenced by the outstanding 2003 and 2006 O3<\/sub>\u00a0years, even for O3<\/sub>\u00a0peaks. O3<\/sub>\u00a0peaks tend not to show any significant declines for the years post-2007, except in Southern Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”REVIEW PROCESS” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”|700|||||||”]<\/p>\n In line with the legal requirements from the Gothenburg Protocol (GP), the Executive Body of the Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) convention in its 39th<\/sup>\u00a0session in December 2019, initiated the review of the amended protocol through different studies and investigations.<\/span><\/p>\n The review report was accepted three years later, in the 42nd<\/sup>\u00a0session of the Executive Body in December 2022, and the advanced version of the meeting report has been published end of March 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/unece.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-03\/Advance%20version_ECE_EB.AIR_150.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n To address the conclusions of the review, an ad hoc group of experts has been formed to develop adequate policy options. \u00a0As part of the review, it was found that methane emissions are the main driver of increasing background ozone levels, and thus, will need to be addressed. The expected increase in global methane emissions is projected to offset the reductions of NOx and NMVOC emissions \u2013 the precursors of ground-level ozone.<\/span><\/p>\n Furthermore, additional actions for all five pollutants including NMVOCs already covered in the GP are also requested.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”ZOOM IN: SOLVENTS VOC EMISSIONS” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”|700|||||||”]<\/p>\n The latest emission data shows that while NMVOC emissions have decreased by 43% in the EU (EU27+UK+EFTA), 23% in the USA, and 27% in Canada, there has been an 11% increase in the ECCA (Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia) countries. Despite the reductions, it is expected that some parties will not meet the NMVOC emission targets without additional measures.<\/span><\/p>\n Regarding NMVOCs, some parties need to take additional actions in terms of road transport, solvent use, and domestic wood burning to address the issue. It was also noted that even with full implementation of the Protocol, background levels of ozone in the ECE region are expected to continue to increase due to methane, NOx and NMVOC emissions outside the ECE region.<\/span><\/p>\n The Gothenburg Protocol has several annexes, most of them of technical nature. All were subject to the review process as well.\u00a0https:\/\/unece.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-03\/TFTEI%20review%20of%20annexes%20to%20the%20Gothenburg%20Protocol.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\nResults of EMEP Intensive Measurement Period<\/h2>\n
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<\/strong><\/p>\nReview of the Gothenburg Protocol<\/h2>\n